Wisdom Minghui

At present, common medical masks in my country are mainly divided into three categories: medical protective masks, medical surgical masks, and medical masks.

Medical protective masks are made of suitable materials with small airflow resistance, synthetic blood barrier, specific strength, filtration efficiency, surface moisture resistance and flame retardant properties. They are self-priming and consist of a mask body (including a nose clip) and a mask belt. It can be divided into 3 grades according to the different filtration efficiency, which is used for filtering particulate matter in the air, blocking droplets, blood, body fluids, secretions, etc. in the medical work environment. The applicable standard is GB19083-2010 "Technical Requirements for Medical Protective Masks".

Disposable medical surgical masks are usually made of non-woven or non-woven composite materials, which can be three-layer structure, have a plastic nose clip, and the mask strap can be elastic or non-elastic, with small airflow resistance and synthetic blood Barrier, filter particles and bacteria, flame retardant and other characteristics; provided in sterile form for clinical medical staff to wear during invasive operations, covering the user's mouth, nose and jaw, in order to prevent pathogenic microorganisms, body fluids, particulate matter, etc. The direct pass provides a physical barrier. The applicable standard is YY0469-2011 "Medical Surgical Masks".

Medical mask products are usually made of non-woven fabrics or non-woven composite materials, which can be two-layer or three-layer structures, and can have plastic nose clips. It is provided in sterile form for all types of clinical personnel to wear during non-invasive operations, covering the user's mouth, nose and jaw, and providing a certain physical barrier to prevent the direct penetration of pathogenic microorganisms, particulate matter, etc. Exemptions do not include products with new features such as anti-virus. The applicable standard is YY0969-2013 "Disposable Medical Masks"

The big difference between these three types of masks is that the objects of protection are different. Medical protective masks can prevent the spread of viruses, medical surgical masks can prevent the spread of dander and respiratory microorganisms, and medical masks can only prevent the spread of blood, body fluids and splashes; The functions decrease sequentially. In the standards for medical protective masks and medical surgical masks, the filtration efficiency of masks for non-oily particles is stipulated. Among them, medical protective masks are divided into three levels according to the different filtration efficiency, namely level 1, filtration efficiency ≥ 95%; level 2, filtration efficiency ≥ 99%, N99 masks; level 3, filtration efficiency ≥ 99.97

What does the often mentioned N95 mask mean?

N refers to non-oily particles, and 95 refers to the filtration efficiency of masks. Together, they can filter more than 95% of non-oily particles, and the carriers of bacteria and viruses are non-oily particles in nature.

Is the protection level of protective masks the higher the better?

In addition to N95, there are N99 and N100 types of medical protective masks. N99 masks are generally used for the protection of scientific research and medical staff such as combat readiness, disease prevention centers, high-level biosafety laboratories of scientific research institutes, and infectious disease hospitals, and N100 masks are generally used for toxic metals. , the protection of radioactive particles, the manufacture of medicines, industrial decontamination and other environments that require efficient protection. The respiratory resistance of protective masks with high filtration efficiency and good tightness will also increase. It is easy to cause unnecessary burdens to the heart and lungs. People with weak heart and lung functions such as cardiopulmonary patients, children, and pregnant women should be more cautious about the use of protective masks when going out. Therefore, although protective masks are divided into three levels, they are not higher. the better. General medical surgical masks are sufficient for the daily environment.

Why can medical masks be non-sterile?

First of all, the relevant standards for medical masks, YY0469, YY0969, and YY19083, all have microbial limit requirements, and non-sterile masks can meet the microbial limit requirements. Non-sterile medical masks can be used for the protection of ordinary people in the general environment and for all types of clinical personnel to wear non-sterile medical masks during non-invasive operations in non-sterile environments.

Secondly, the sterilization process in production also adds unnecessary production costs to the product, resulting in an increase in the price of the product. Although there is no sterilization process, masks are still produced in a controlled clean environment.

Third, after sterilization of medical masks, sterility inspection and analysis of ethylene oxide residues are required, resulting in an increase in the production cycle. If the analysis period is not enough, it is easy to cause the ethylene oxide content to exceed the standard, causing unnecessary harm to the human body.

Small knowledge of medical thermometer science

01. What are the medical thermometers?

Body temperature is a very important physiological parameter index of the human body. Medical thermometers are commonly used household medical devices. According to the principle of temperature measurement, medical thermometers mainly include medical glass thermometers, medical electronic thermometers, and medical infrared thermometers.

02. What are the differences between these thermometers?

Medical glass thermometers are generally triangular rod type, composed of temperature sensing probe, glass tube, temperature sensing bubble and mercury (commonly known as mercury).

The medical electronic thermometer is mainly composed of a shell, a temperature sensing head, an internal integrated circuit and a liquid crystal display. The general measurement range is 32.0 ° C ~ 43 ° C, the temperature measurement time is short, and the body temperature value is generally displayed in more than ten seconds, with low and high temperature voice prompts function, can effectively identify whether the body temperature is normal.

The medical infrared temperature measuring gun is composed of infrared sensor, main circuit board, sensor circuit board, operation button, plastic shell, and display screen. The general temperature measurement range is 32.0℃~42.0℃, and it has the sound prompt function of low temperature and high temperature. It can be divided into A forehead thermometer for measuring the forehead, an ear thermometer for measuring the ear canal and eardrum, or both forehead and ear temperature functions.

03. Precautions for the use of medical thermometers

1. Before using the medical glass thermometer, make sure that the temperature sensing bubble and mercury column are thrown below 35 ℃. If measuring the armpit body temperature, it generally takes 5-10 minutes to measure. If measuring the oral body temperature, it needs to measure 3-5 minutes. Rectal body temperature usually takes 1-2 minutes to measure. Measurement errors are prone to occur if the measurement time is too long or too short.

2. After the electronic thermometer is turned on, wait for the screen to display that the thermometer is in the waiting state before taking the measurement.

3. The medical infrared thermometer is sensitive to changes in ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature changes greatly, which may affect the measurement accuracy, the measured person or the thermometer can be measured after balancing the temperature difference in the new environment.

4. The measurement distance has a great influence on the measurement results of the medical infrared thermometer, and the temperature measurement distances of different brands of medical infrared thermometers are widely different. Take measurements. Common measurement distances are mostly 3cm-5cm, 5cm-10cm, 5cm-15cm.

5. Blowing the forehead, drenching water, sweating, etc., or strenuous exercise, large mood swings, or after meals may affect the measurement accuracy.